Antenna apparatus and communication terminal

ABSTRACT

An antenna apparatus includes a power supply coil, a booster electrode sheet, a magnetic sheet, and a ground substrate arranged in this order from the top. The power supply coil includes a spiral coil conductor located on a flexible substrate. The booster electrode sheet includes a booster electrode located on an insulating substrate. The booster electrode includes a conductor region covering the coil conductor, a conductor aperture covering a coil window, and a slit portion connecting the outer edge of the conductor region and the conductor aperture in plan view. The magnetic sheet covers the booster electrode sheet so that the magnetic sheet covers a region slightly larger than a region including the conductor aperture and the slit portion of the booster electrode.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an antenna apparatus that communicateswith another apparatus with an electromagnetic signal and is preferablyfor use in an RFID system and a short-range wireless communicationsystem, and a communication terminal including the antenna apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

In RFID systems and short-range wireless communication systems that havebeen increasingly used in recent years, in order to allow a mobileelectronic apparatus such as a mobile telephone to communicate withanother mobile electronic apparatus or a reader/writer, communicationantennas are included in these mobile electronic apparatuses and thereader/writer. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.2006-270681 discloses an antenna included in a mobile electronicapparatus.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a manner in which a mobile informationterminal 21 disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2006-270681 and a reader/writer communicate with eachother when they are in close proximity to each other. In an exampleshown in FIG. 1, a portion of a magnetic field H of an electromagneticwave emitted from a transmission/receiving antenna portion 26 in thereader/writer is reflected or absorbed under the effect of a metal bodysuch as a battery pack 25 in a terminal body 22 and is attenuated. Ametal layer 30 is nearer to an electromagnetic wave enter side than acommunication surface CS of an antenna module 10. When a magnetic fieldis externally applied to the surface of the metal layer 30, an inducedcurrent (eddy current) occurs on the surface of the metal layer 30 and amagnetic field H1 is generated. The magnetic field H1 generates aninduced current at an antenna coil 15 in the antenna module 10.

In this example, by disposing the metal layer 30 so that it covers aportion of the antenna coil 15 and faces the antenna module 10 in closeproximity to the antenna module 10, the transmission/receiving antennaportion 26 in the reader/writer and the antenna coil 15 in the antennamodule 10 are inductively coupled via the magnetic field component H1generated at the metal layer 30.

The antenna apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 solves a problem that acommunication characteristic is markedly changed by a misalignmentbetween the center of an antenna included therein and the center of anantenna included in a communication partner when these antennas are veryclose to each other. In order to prevent a magnetic flux being linked tothe antenna coil 15 in the antenna module 10 in the mobile informationterminal 21 and the transmission/receiving antenna portion 26 in thereader/writer from being interrupted by a metal body such as the batterypack 25, the metal layer 30 is arranged to generate the magnetic flux.Accordingly, depending on the position of an interrupter such as thebattery pack 25, a significant effect may not be obtained.

Furthermore, the metal layer 30 may not be effective in increasing acommunication range when an antenna in an antenna apparatus and anantenna in a communication partner are spaced apart from each other.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide an antennaapparatus capable of stably communicating with a communication partnerand increasing the maximum possible communication range even when anantenna included therein is smaller than an antenna included in thecommunication partner.

An antenna apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention includes a power supply coil including a loop or spiral coilconductor including a coil window at a winding center, a boosterelectrode that faces the power supply coil and includes a conductoraperture and a slit portion connected to the conductor aperture, aconductor layer facing the power supply coil or the booster electrode,and a magnetic layer disposed between the power supply coil or thebooster electrode and the conductor layer. The magnetic layer covers theconductor aperture and the slit portion of the booster electrode in planview of the power supply coil, the booster electrode, the conductorlayer, and the magnetic layer.

A communication terminal according to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention includes an antenna apparatus. The antenna apparatusincludes a power supply coil including a loop or spiral coil conductorincluding a coil window at a winding center, a booster electrode thatfaces the power supply coil and includes a conductor aperture and a slitportion connected to the conductor aperture, a conductor layer facingthe power supply coil or the booster electrode, and a magnetic layerdisposed between the power supply coil or the booster electrode and theconductor layer. The magnetic layer covers the conductor aperture andthe slit portion of the booster electrode in plan view of the powersupply coil, the booster electrode, the conductor layer, and themagnetic layer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a currentflows through a booster electrode while interrupting a magnetic fieldgenerated by a current flowing through a coil conductor. A currentflowing around a conductor aperture of the booster electrode flows tothe outer edge of the booster electrode via a periphery of a slitportion. An induced current having the same direction as that of thecurrent flowing around the booster electrode is generated at a conductorlayer. As a result, the strength of magnetic fields generated from apower supply coil, the booster electrode, and the conductor layer isincreased, and a communication range is also increased.

The above and other elements, features, steps, characteristics andadvantages of the present invention will become more apparent from thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiments withreference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a manner in which a mobile informationterminal 21 and a reader/writer communicate with each other when theyare in close proximity to each other in Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication Publication No. 2006-270681.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 101according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3A is a plan view of a communication terminal including the antennaapparatus 101, and FIG. 3B is an elevation view of the communicationterminal.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a current passing through a coilconductor 81 of a power supply coil 8, a current passing through abooster electrode 71 of a booster electrode sheet 7, and a currentpassing through a ground electrode 51 of a ground substrate 5.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating the relationship between thepositional relationship between the ground substrate 5 and a magneticsheet 6 and a current passing through the ground electrode 51.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating currents flowing in a state in whichthe power supply coil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, the magneticsheet 6, and the ground substrate 5 are laminated.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 102according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 103according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9A is a plan view of an antenna apparatus 104 according to a fourthpreferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9B is anelevation view of the antenna apparatus 104.

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 105according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view illustrating currents flowingthrough the coil conductor 81 of the power supply coil 8, the boosterelectrode 71 of the booster electrode sheet 7, and the ground electrode51 of the ground substrate 5 in a comparative example of an antennaapparatus according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view illustrating currents flowingthrough the coil conductor 81 of the power supply coil 8, the boosterelectrode 71 of the booster electrode sheet 7, and the ground electrode51 of the ground substrate 5 in an antenna apparatus 106 according tothe sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of the antenna apparatus 106 according to thesixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First PreferredEmbodiment

An antenna apparatus according to the first preferred embodiment and acommunication terminal including the antenna apparatus will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 2 to 6.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 101according to the first preferred embodiment. FIG. 3A is a plan view of acommunication terminal including the antenna apparatus 101. FIG. 3B isan elevation view of the communication terminal.

An antenna module according to the present preferred embodiment ispreferably use in NFC (Near Field Communication: short-rangecommunication) such as Felica (registered trademark) and uses the HFband having a center frequency of 13.56 MHz, for example.

The antenna apparatus 101 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a power supplycoil 8, a booster electrode sheet 7, a magnetic sheet 6, and a groundsubstrate 5 arranged in this order from the top. The antenna apparatus101 preferably is a laminate including these elements.

The power supply coil 8 is obtained preferably by forming a spiral coilconductor 81 on a flexible substrate 80 that is a rectangularplate-shaped insulating substrate. The spiral coil conductor 81 includesa coil window CW at a winding center, and can therefore emit a magneticfield appropriately. A connection portion (not illustrated) used forconnection between the coil conductor and an external circuit isprovided at the flexible substrate 80.

The number of windings (turns) of the coil conductor 81 is determined inaccordance with a required inductance, and may be one. In this case, thecoil conductor 81 preferably is a loop coil conductor, for example. Thecoil conductor 81 may be formed in a single plane or a plurality oflayers.

The booster electrode sheet 7 includes an insulating substrate 70 and abooster electrode 71 located on the insulating substrate 70. The boosterelectrode 71 is a C-shaped conductor film, and is disposed so that itfaces the power supply coil 8. The booster electrode sheet 7 includes aconductor region covering the coil conductor 81 in plan view, aconductor aperture (nonconductor region) CA covering the coil window CWin plan view, and a slit portion SL1 connecting the outer edge of theconductor region and the conductor aperture CA.

The magnetic sheet 6 is, for example, a ferrite sheet. As will bedescribed later, the magnetic sheet 6 covers the booster electrode sheet7 so that it covers a region slightly larger than a region including theconductor aperture CA and the slit portion SL1 of the booster electrode71.

The ground substrate 5 includes an insulating substrate 50 and a groundelectrode 51 located on the upper surface of the insulating substrate50. The ground electrode 51 corresponds to a conductor layer accordingto a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A printed circuitboard disposed in a case of a communication terminal can be used as theground substrate 5, and a ground electrode disposed at the printedcircuit board can be used as the ground electrode 51.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a laminate including the power supplycoil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, and the magnetic sheet 6 isdisposed near the center of one short side of the ground substrate 5.

The power supply coil 8 is disposed so that the coil conductor 81surrounds the conductor aperture CA of the booster electrode 71. Whenthe coil conductor 81 surrounds the conductor aperture CA of the boosterelectrode 71 as described above, a region in which the coil conductor 81and the booster electrode 71 cove in plan view is increased. As aresult, the degree of coupling between the power supply coil 8 and thebooster electrode 71 is increased. It is desired that the shape of thebooster electrode 81 be designed on the basis of the shape of the coilconductor 81.

The power supply coil 8 and the booster electrode 71 are disposed sothat the opening of the coil conductor 81 and the conductor aperture CAof the booster electrode 71 at least partly cover in plan view.

The magnetic sheet 6 is disposed so that it covers a region slightlylarger than a region including the conductor aperture CA and the slitportion SL1 of the booster electrode 71. That is, the booster electrode71 includes a region covering the magnetic sheet 6 (a region around theconductor aperture CA and the slit portion SL1) and a region that doesnot cover the magnetic sheet 6 (the outer edge).

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a current passing through the coilconductor 81 of the power supply coil 8, a current passing through thebooster electrode 71 of the booster electrode sheet 7, and a currentpassing through the ground electrode 51 of the ground substrate 5. Thesecurrents are obtained under conditions where the power supply coil 8,the booster electrode sheet 7, the magnetic sheet 6, and the groundsubstrate 5 are laminated.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, when a current EC3 flows through the coilconductor 81 of the power supply coil 8, a magnetic flux generated fromthe coil conductor 81 attempts to link to the booster electrode 71.Accordingly, a current (induced current) that interrupts the magneticflux flows around the conductor aperture CA of the booster electrode 71in a direction opposite to that of the current passing through the coilconductor 81. The current around the conductor aperture CA flows alongthe slit portion SL1, and then flows along the periphery of the boosterelectrode 71, that is, the outer edge of the booster electrode 71. Sincethe current flows along the periphery of the booster electrode 71, amagnetic field emission area is increased. The booster electrode 71defines a booster that increases the size of a magnetic flux loop. Thus,the coil conductor 81 of the power supply coil 8 and the boosterelectrode 71 are coupled mainly via a magnetic field.

On the other hand, the magnetic sheet 6 covers a region slightly largerthan a region including the conductor aperture CA and the slit portionSL1 of the booster electrode 71. Accordingly, a magnetic flux generatedby a current flowing around the conductor aperture CA of the boosterelectrode 71 and a current flowing along both sides of the slit portionSL1 of the booster electrode 71 is hardly linked to the ground electrode51. That is, the magnetic sheet 6 hides the current flowing around theconductor aperture CA of the booster electrode 71 from the groundelectrode 51. Induced currents generated by the current flowing aroundthe conductor aperture CA of the booster electrode 71 and the currentflowing along the slit portion SL1 of the booster electrode 71 thereforehardly flow through the ground electrode 51.

Induced currents EC58, EC57, and EC56 generated by currents EC22, EC23,and EC24, respectively, flowing along the outer edge of the boosterelectrode 71 flow through the ground electrode 51 of the groundsubstrate 5. As a result, following the currents EC56, EC57, and EC58,currents EC51, EC52, EC53, EC54, and EC55 flow along the periphery ofthe ground electrode 51. That is, a current loop is generated in a pathof the currents EC51→EC52→EC53→EC54→EC55→EC56→EC57→EC58. The currentloop increases the magnetic field emission area and can increase thesize of a magnetic flux loop.

Thus, the booster electrode 71 and the ground electrode 51 are coupledmainly via a magnetic field.

If the magnetic sheet 6 is not present, induced currents generated bythe current flowing around the conductor aperture CA of the boosterelectrode 71 and the current flowing along both sides of the slitportion SL1 of the booster electrode 71 flow through the groundelectrode 51. Since these induced currents flow near the inducedcurrents generated by the currents flowing along the periphery of thebooster electrode 71 in the direction opposite to that of the inducedcurrents, magnetic fields cancel each other. As a result, the currentsEC56, EC57, and EC58 illustrated in FIG. 4 become very small, and thecurrents EC51, EC52, EC53, EC54, and EC55 flowing along the periphery ofthe ground electrode 51 also become very small.

In this example, since the magnetic sheet 6 is disposed as illustratedin FIG. 4, the above-described magnetic field cancellation does notoccur and a large current flows along the outer edge of the groundelectrode 51.

Since the magnetic sheet 6 protrudes from the booster electrode 71 in anextension direction from the conductor aperture to the slit portion ofthe booster electrode 71 in plan view, the coupling between the currentflowing along both sides of the slit portion SL1 of the boosterelectrode 71 and the ground electrode 51 is reliably prevented. As aresult, the induced current generated by the current flowing along bothsides of the slit portion SL1 can be prevented from flowing through theground electrode 51 with certainty. As described previously, the inducedcurrent that is generated by the current flowing along the slit portionSL1 and attempts to flow through the ground electrode 51 is a currentflowing in a direction opposite to that of the currents EC56, EC57, andEC58. Accordingly, the magnetic sheet 6 can prevent the induced currentgenerated by the current flowing along the slit portion SL1 of thebooster electrode 71 from flowing through the ground electrode 51 withmore certainty. That is, the occurrence of a current flowing along theouter edge of the ground electrode 51 can be prevented and a largecurrent can flow along the periphery of the booster electrode 71.

FIG. 5A illustrates the positional relationship between the groundsubstrate 5 and the magnetic sheet 6 in an antenna apparatus accordingto the first preferred embodiment. FIG. 5B illustrates a comparativeexample. As illustrated in FIG. 5B, when the magnetic sheet 6 is insidethe outer edge of the ground electrode 51 in plan view, the currentflowing along the periphery of the magnetic sheet 6 includes a loop ofthe currents EC56→EC57→EC58→a current EC59. That is, a shortcut currentflows. On the other hand, as illustrated in FIG. 5A, when the magneticsheet 6 protrudes from the outer edge of the ground electrode 51 in theextension direction from the conductor aperture to the slit of thebooster electrode 71 by a protrusion distance T in plan view, theoccurrence of the above-described shortcut current is prevented and thecurrents EC51, EC52, EC53, EC54, and EC55 flowing along the periphery ofthe ground electrode 51 become large. The reason for this is that aninductance component is increased in a region where the magnetic sheetis close to the ground electrode 51. That is, the large currents EC51,EC52, EC53, EC54, and EC55 flow in a path along the periphery of theground electrode while avoiding the region. The magnetic sheet 6 mayreach just the outer edge of the ground electrode 51 in the extensiondirection from the conductor aperture to the slit of the boosterelectrode 71. The protrusion distance T is determined in considerationof the accuracy of attachment of the magnetic sheet 6 to the groundelectrode 51.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating currents flowing in a state in whichthe power supply coil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, the magneticsheet 6, and the ground substrate 5 are laminated.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the directions of a current flowing throughthe coil conductor 81, a current flowing through a main portion (otherthan both sides of the slit portion SL1) of the booster electrode 71,and a current flowing through the ground electrode 51 are the same, andmagnetic fields generated by these currents are added (these currents donot cancel one another). Accordingly, as compared with a case where thepower supply coil 8 is used alone and a case where the combination ofthe power supply coil 8 and the booster electrode sheet 7 is used, ahigher antenna gain can be obtained.

Referring to FIG. 3B, a curve DG represents an emitted magnetic fieldstrength pattern that is the directional characteristic of the antennaapparatus 101. As illustrated in the drawing, directivity is high in adirection in which the slit portion SL1 of the booster electrode 71 ispresent, and the center of the directivity is shifted in an obliquedirection with respect to the position of the laminate including thepower supply coil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, and the magneticsheet 6 as viewed from the center of the ground electrode 51. The reasonfor this is that the intensity distribution of a current flowing throughthe ground electrode 51 is concentrated at a position nearer to thelaminate than to the center of the ground electrode 51 because not onlya magnetic field generated from the ground electrode 51 but alsomagnetic fields generated from the coil conductor 81 and the boosterelectrode 71 contribute to emission. Accordingly, when the slit portionSL1 of the booster electrode 71 is disposed so that it is directedtoward the tip of a case of a mobile telephone terminal, such mobiletelephone terminals are suitable for use in communication between themdiagonally close to each other.

In the first preferred embodiment, the magnetic sheet 6 covers a regionslightly larger than the region including the conductor aperture CA andthe slit portion SL1 of the booster electrode 71 in plan view, but mayjust cover the conductor aperture CA and the slit portion SL1 of thebooster electrode 71.

A current flowing along the outer edge of the booster electrode 71 and acurrent flowing around the conductor aperture CA are opposite indirection. Therefore, in the intensity distribution of a current flowingthrough the booster electrode 71, a line indicating the current value ofzero is generated at a midpoint between the outer edge and the inneredge (the outer edge of the conductor aperture CA) of the boosterelectrode 71. Ideally, the size and position of the magnetic sheet 6 aredetermined so that the outer edge of the magnetic sheet 6 matches theline indicating the current value of zero.

Thus, since the booster electrode 71 includes a region (coupling region)that does not cover the magnetic sheet 6 in plan view, the boosterelectrode 71 functions as a booster.

In the present preferred embodiment, the ground electrode (conductorlayer) 51, the booster electrode 71, and the coil conductor 81preferably define and function as radiating elements. However, amongthem, the conductor layer is a main radiating element, for example.

Second Preferred Embodiment

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 102according to the second preferred embodiment.

The antenna apparatus 102 illustrated in FIG. 7 includes the powersupply coil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, the magnetic sheet 6, andthe ground substrate 5 arranged in this order from the top. The antennaapparatus 102 preferably is the laminate of these elements.

The shape of the magnetic sheet 6 is different from the shape of themagnetic sheet 6 in the antenna apparatus 101 according to the firstpreferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 7, a chaindouble-dashed line represents a position at which the magnetic sheet 6covers the booster electrode sheet 7. The magnetic sheet 6 not onlycovers the conductor aperture CA and the slit portion SL1 of the boosterelectrode 71, but also extends to a region where the slit portion SL1divides the periphery, that is, a region where the currents EC21 andEC25 flow.

In the case of the above-described structure, induced currents generatedby the currents EC21 and EC25, respectively, hardly flow through theground electrode 51. The induced currents that are generated by thecurrents EC21 and EC25, respectively, and attempt to flow through theground electrode 51 is opposite in direction to the currents EC51, EC52,EC53, EC54, and EC55. Accordingly, when the magnetic sheet 6 preventsthe induced currents generated by the currents EC21 and EC25,respectively, flowing through the booster electrode 71 from flowingthrough the ground electrode 51, an antenna gain is further increased.

Third Preferred Embodiment

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 103according to the third preferred embodiment.

The antenna apparatus 103 illustrated in FIG. 8 includes the boosterelectrode sheet 7, the power supply coil 8, the magnetic sheet 6, andthe ground substrate 5 arranged in this order from the top. The antennaapparatus 103 preferably is the laminate of these elements.

The positional relationship between the booster electrode sheet 7 andthe power supply coil 8 is different from that in the antenna apparatus101 according to the first preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2.Thus, the power supply coil 8 may be present between the boosterelectrode sheet 7 and the magnetic sheet 6. That is, a current flowingaround the conductor aperture CA of the booster electrode 71 and acurrent flowing along both sides of the slit portion SL1 of the boosterelectrode 71 are interrupted by the magnetic sheet 6, and only a currentflowing along the outer edge of the booster electrode 71 is practicallyguided to the ground electrode 51.

Since the magnetic sheet 6 is larger than the power supply coil 8, acurrent flowing through the coil conductor 81 of the power supply coil 8becomes invisible from the ground electrode 51. That is, the magneticsheet 6 hides the current flowing through the coil conductor 81.Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a reactive induced current (aninduced current in the opposite direction) from flowing through theground electrode 51.

Fourth Preferred Embodiment

FIG. 9A is a plan view of an antenna apparatus 104 according to thefourth preferred embodiment, and FIG. 9B is an elevation view of theantenna apparatus 104. In this example, the laminate including the powersupply coil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, and the magnetic sheet 6is disposed at substantially the center of the ground substrate 5. Themagnetic sheet 6 is disposed in the extension direction from theconductor aperture to the slit portion SL1 of the booster electrode 71formed on the booster electrode sheet 7. The leading end of the magneticsheet 6 reaches the center of one long side of the ground substrate 5.

Unlike in the example according to the first preferred embodimentillustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the laminate including the power supplycoil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, and the magnetic sheet 6 isdisposed at substantially the center of the ground substrate 5, and themagnetic sheet 6 extends for a relatively long distance to the edge ofthe ground electrode 51. In order to prevent the magnetic sheet 6 frombeing too long, the slit portion SL1 of the booster electrode 71 isdirected toward the long side of the ground substrate 5.

Referring to FIG. 9B, the curve DG represents an emitted magnetic fieldstrength pattern that is the directional characteristic of the antennaapparatus 104. As illustrated in the drawing, since the power supplycoil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, the magnetic sheet 6, and theground electrode 51 are substantially rotationally symmetric withrespect to the center of the ground electrode 51, the center of thedirectivity is directed in the direction of the normal to the groundelectrode 51. Such directivity characteristic is suitable for use incommunication between an antenna in a reader/writer and an antennaapparatus facing the antenna.

Fifth Preferred Embodiment

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna apparatus 105according to the fifth preferred embodiment.

The antenna apparatus 105 illustrated in FIG. 10 includes the powersupply coil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, the magnetic sheet 6, andthe ground substrate 5 arranged in this order from the top. The antennaapparatus 105 preferably is the laminate of these elements.

The shape of the magnetic sheet 6 is different from the shape of themagnetic sheet 6 in the antenna apparatus 101 according to the firstpreferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 10, achain double-dashed line represents a position at which the magneticsheet 6 covers the booster electrode sheet 7. The magnetic sheet 6covers the conductor aperture CA and the slit portion SL1 of the boosterelectrode 71, and the width of a portion of the magnetic sheet 6covering the slit portion SL1 is small.

Unlike in the first preferred embodiment, the set of the power supplycoil 8, the booster electrode sheet 7, and the magnetic sheet 6 isdisposed at a position that is spaced apart from the edge of the groundelectrode 51 in a direction in which the center of the ground electrode51 is present.

In the case of the above-described structure, induced currents EC61 andEC57 generated by the currents EC21 and EC25, respectively, flow throughthe ground electrode 51. Since the width of the portion of the magneticsheet 6 covering the slit portion SL1 is small, the currents EC56 andEC62 flow along both sides of the thin portion of the magnetic sheet 6.A current loop is generated in a path of the currentsEC51→EC5→EC53→EC54→EC55→EC56→EC57→EC58→EC59→EC60→EC61→EC62. The currentloop increases the magnetic field emission area and also increases thesize of a magnetic flux loop.

Sixth Preferred Embodiment

An antenna apparatus according to the sixth preferred embodiment will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13. FIG. 11 is an explodedperspective view illustrating currents flowing through the coilconductor 81 of the power supply coil 8, the booster electrode 71 of thebooster electrode sheet 7, and the ground electrode 51 of the groundsubstrate 5 in a comparative example of an antenna apparatus accordingto the sixth preferred embodiment.

A structure similar to the structure according to the first preferredembodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 is provided. When the currentinterruption effect of the magnetic sheet 6 is weak, a shortcut currentEC58 represented by a broken line in FIG. 11 may flow. In this case,since a magnetic field generated by a current flowing through thebooster electrode 71 is partially eliminated, the characteristic isdeteriorated.

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view illustrating currents flowingthrough the coil conductor 81 of the power supply coil 8, the boosterelectrode 71 of the booster electrode sheet 7, and the ground electrode51 of the ground substrate 5 in an antenna apparatus 106 according tothe sixth preferred embodiment. A slit portion SL2 is disposed at theground electrode 51 so that it interrupts the current EC58 illustratedin FIG. 11. With this structure, the occurrence of the shortcut currentEC58 can be prevented with certainty.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of the antenna apparatus 106. As illustrated inFIG. 13, the slit portion SL2 of the ground electrode 51 is preferablyarranged so that it extends in a direction in which the slit portion SL1of the booster electrode 71 extends and covers the slit portion SL1. Alength L of the slit portion SL2 is preferably set so that the leadingend of the slit portion SL2 is inside the conductor aperture CA.Referring to FIG. 13, a dimension min represents an example of theminimum dimension of the slit portion SL2, and a dimension maxrepresents an example of the maximum dimension of the slit portion SL2.

When the slit portion SL2 is provided at the ground electrode 51, anecessary induced current can be generated and the occurrence of ashortcut current can be prevented with more certainty.

The directional characteristic of an antenna apparatus can be changed bychanging the shape of a magnetic sheet. Alternatively, the directionalcharacteristic of an antenna apparatus can be changed by adjusting theposition, width, and length of the slit portion SL1. Since a largepotential difference is obtained at the slit portion SL1 and a strongmagnetic field is emitted, the directional characteristic can be changedby changing the position of the slit portion. For example, thedirectional characteristic is improved by reducing the width of the slitportion SL1 or increasing the length of the slit portion SL1.

The conductor aperture CA and the slit portion SL1 of the boosterelectrode may have the same width.

The magnetic sheet may not necessarily be a single sintered ferriteplate, and may be obtained by attaching a double-faced adhesive sheetfor flexible substrate attachment and a single-faced adhesive sheet forprotection to both surfaces of a sintered magnetic substance anddividing the sintered magnetic substance into small pieces. The sinteredmagnetic substance may not necessarily be used, and a compositepreferably made of ferrite and a resin or a metal magnetic substance maybe used.

An antenna apparatus using an HF band having a center frequency of 13.56MHz has been described as a non-limiting example in the above-describedpreferred embodiments. However, the present invention can operate in afrequency band other than the HF band. For example, an antenna apparatusaccording to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be usedas an antenna for an RFID tag using the 900 MHz UHF band. In this case,the coil conductor of the power supply coil and the booster electrodeare coupled mainly via an electromagnetic field, and the boosterelectrode and the ground electrode are coupled mainly via anelectromagnetic field.

The positional relationship between the power supply coil and thebooster electrode may be changed.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will beapparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scopeand spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention,therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.

1. (canceled)
 2. An antenna apparatus comprising: a power supply coil including a loop or spiral coil conductor including a coil window at a winding center; a booster electrode that partially overlaps with the coil conductor; a conductor layer facing the power supply coil or the booster electrode; and a magnetic layer that overlaps a portion of an outer periphery of conductor layer and is disposed between the power supply coil or the booster electrode and the conductor layer; wherein the booster electrode includes a portion that protrudes outside of an outer periphery of the magnetic layer and overlaps with the conductor layer in a plan view of the conductor layer.
 3. The antenna apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the booster electrodes includes a conductor aperture and a slit portion; and the magnetic layer covers the conductor aperture and the slit portion of the booster electrode in the plan view of the conductor layer.
 4. The antenna apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the booster electrodes includes a conductor aperture and a slit portion; and the magnetic layer protrudes from the booster electrode in an extension direction from the conductor aperture to the slit portion of the booster electrode in the plan view of the conductor layer.
 5. The antenna apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the magnetic layer extends to the outer periphery of the conductor layer or a position spaced apart from the outer periphery of the conductor layer in the extension direction from the conductor aperture to the slit portion of the booster electrode in the plan view of the conductor layer.
 6. The antenna apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the booster electrode, the power supply coil, the magnetic layer, and the conductor layer are arranged in order from top to bottom.
 7. The antenna apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the power supply coil and the booster electrode are coupled to each other via an electromagnetic field or a magnetic field, and the booster electrode and the conductor layer are coupled to each other via an electromagnetic field or a magnetic field.
 8. The antenna apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the power supply coil and the conductor layer are coupled to each other via an electromagnetic field or a magnetic field.
 9. A communication terminal comprising an antenna apparatus including: a power supply coil including a loop or spiral coil conductor including a coil window at a winding center; a booster electrode that partially overlaps with the coil conductor; a conductor layer facing the power supply coil or the booster electrode; and a magnetic layer that overlaps a portion of an outer periphery of conductor layer and is disposed between the power supply coil or the booster electrode and the conductor layer; wherein the booster electrode includes a portion that protrudes outside of an outer periphery of the magnetic layer and overlaps with the conductor layer in a plan view of the conductor layer. 